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Chinese Solar Term

EpochConfidenceAssociated with
UnknownHighBeijing

Overview

The Solar Term is an observational solar calendar used in China and its surrounding area. It uses the Longitude of the Sun to determine the seasons and months based on moments when the sun's longitude relative to the equinoxes is multiples of 15 (minor) and 30 (major) degrees.

Months are named after the 12 signs of the Chinese Zodiac and are split into a minor solar term, which happens at the beginning of the month, and a major solar term, which happens in the middle. Each term is given a name that is associated with an environmental phenomenon that occurs around that time.

Due to the variable speed of the Earth around the sun from its slightly eccentric orbit, the seasons, months, and solar terms are not always the same length of time.

Solar terms are also used to determine when the leap month should occur in the Chinese lunisolar calendar. When a lunar month does not have a major solar term, then it is repeated and causes that year to have 13 months instead of 12.

Info

°SeasonMonthsNameType
315SpringTiger (寅)立春 (Lìchūn)minor
330SpringTiger (寅)雨水 (Yǔshuǐ)major
345SpringRabbit (卯)驚蟄 (Jīngzhé)minor
0SpringRabbit (卯)春分 (Chūnfēn)major
15SpringDragon (辰)清明 (Qīngmíng)minor
30SpringDragon (辰)穀雨 (Gǔyǔ)major
45SummerSnake (巳)立夏 (Lìxià)minor
60SummerSnake (巳)小滿 (Xiǎomǎn)major
75SummerHorse (午)芒種 (Mángzhòng)minor
90SummerHorse (午)夏至 (Xiàzhì)major
105SummerGoat (未)小暑 (Xiǎoshǔ)minor
120SummerGoat (未)大暑 (Dàshǔ)major
135AutumnMonkey (申)立秋 (Lìqiū)minor
150AutumnMonkey (申)處暑 (Chǔshǔ)major
165AutumnRooster (酉)白露 (Báilù)minor
180AutumnRooster (酉)秋分 (Qiūfēn)major
195AutumnDog (戌)寒露 (Hánlù)minor
210AutumnDog (戌)霜降 (Shuāngjiàng)major
225WinterPig (亥)立冬 (Lìdōng)minor
240WinterPig (亥)小雪 (Xiǎoxuě)major
255WinterRat (子)大雪 (Dàxuě)minor
270WinterRat (子)冬至 (Dōngzhì)major
285WinterOx (丑)小寒 (Xiǎohán)minor
300WinterOx (丑)大寒 (Dàhán)major

Accuracy

This calendar is a simple calculation, but it relies on the calculation for the Longitude of the Sun which has a tiny amount of error.

Dependencies
Longitude of the Sun

Source

Common Source

Wikipedia article

Primary Sources

Chinese calendar calculation source

China Highlights website