Mandaean
| Epoch | Confidence |
|---|---|
| 8th June 678 CE +9:00:00 | Exact |
Overview
The Mandaean calendar is a calculated solar calendar used by the Mandaean culture. It has 12 months of 30 days plus a 5-day holiday known as Parwanaya that occurs after the 8th month. Thus, it is exactly 365 days with no intercalation, resulting in a drift from the solar year of roughly one day every 4 years.
Years are denoted with "AA", meaning "After [the creation of] Adam", occurring on 15 February 479003 BCE. Four epochs covered the first 480000 years of the Mandaean calendar, ending with the 8000-year Epoch of Noah and Nuraita which concluded on 8th June 678 CE.
Days begin at sunset in Iraq, the ancestral home of the Mandaean people. Four seasons are also included in the calendar, each encompassing three calendar months, though due to the drift of the calendar from the solar year these seasons have little relation to their seasonal counterparts.
Info
So many years have passed since the Mandaean epoch that it is calculated to have drifted over 317 years by 2000 CE. Since the end of the Epoch of Noah and Nuraita in 480001 AA in 678 CE until 2000 CE, this calendar has drifted 321 days.
| # | Days | Mandaic | Latin transliteration |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 30 | ࡃࡀࡅࡋࡀ | Dawlā |
| 2 | 30 | ࡍࡅࡍࡀ | Nunā |
| 3 | 30 | ࡏࡌࡁࡓࡀ | Embərā |
| 4 | 30 | ࡕࡀࡅࡓࡀ | Tawrā |
| 5 | 30 | ࡑࡉࡋࡌࡉࡀ | Şelmi |
| 6 | 30 | ࡎࡀࡓࡈࡀࡍࡀ | Şarṭānā |
| 7 | 30 | ࡀࡓࡉࡀ | Aryā |
| 8 | 30 | ࡔࡅࡌࡁࡅࡋࡕࡀ | Šomboltā |
| — | 5 | ࡐࡀࡅࡅࡀࡍࡀࡉࡉࡀ | Parwanaya |
| 9 | 30 | ࡒࡀࡉࡍࡀ | Qaynā |
| 10 | 30 | ࡀࡓࡒࡁࡀ | Arqəwā |
| 11 | 30 | ࡄࡉࡈࡉࡀ | Heṭyā |
| 12 | 30 | ࡂࡀࡃࡉࡀ | Gadyā |
| Day | Name |
|---|---|
| Sunday | Habšaba |
| Monday | Trin Habšaba |
| Tuesday | Tlata Habšaba |
| Wednesday | Arba Habšaba |
| Thursday | Hamša Habšaba |
| Friday | Yuma ḏ-Rahatia |
| Saturday | Yuma ḏ-Šafta |
| Season | Months | Includes |
|---|---|---|
| sitwa | 1–3 | Dawlā, Nunā, Embərā |
| abhar | 4–6 | Tawrā, Şelmi, Şarṭānā |
| giṭa | 7–9 | Aryā, Šomboltā; Parwanaya (5 days); Qaynā |
| paiz | 10–12 | Arqəwā, Heṭyā, Gadyā |
Accuracy
Since this calendar is a simple formula with a known epoch, this calculation is exactly accurate. However, the epoch of 15 February 479003 BCE in the description of this calendar is calculated and not part of official sources.
Source
All of the information on this calendar came from its Wikipedia article.